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《小说创作谈:重思关于写作技艺的传统观念》4.对现在的回忆:当代小说中的现在时态

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_____. “On Defamiliarization.” In Burning Down the House:Essays on Fiction(Saint Paul,MN:Graywolf Press,1997),40.

_____. “Saul and Patsy Are Pregnant.” In A Relative Stranger(New York:Penguin,1990).

Beattie,Ann. “Secrets and Surprises” and “Waiting.” In Park City:New and Selected Stories(New York:Knopf,1998),185-190,310.

Beckett,Samuel.Molloy,Malone Dies,The Unnamable(New York:Knopf,1997),25,37.

Benson,L.D. “Chaucer/'s Historical Present,Its Meaning and Uses,”English Studies XLII(1961):67.

Bergson,Henri.Time and Free Will:An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness,translated by F.L. Pogson(New York:Harper & Brothers,1960),99.

Burroway,Janet.Writing Fiction:A Guide to Narrative Craft,4th ed.(New York:HarperCollins,1996),240.

Camus,Albert. “Absurd Freedom.” In A Casebook on Existentialism,edited by William V. Spanos(New York:Thomas Y. Crowell Co.,1966),298.

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Cary,Joyce,preface to Mister Johnson(London:Michael Joseph,1967),9-10.

Casparis,Christian Paul. Tense Without Time:The Present Tense in Narration(Bern:A. Francke,1975),10,·31-32,67.

Chute,Carolyn. Interview with Barbara Stevens,Writers Ask 10(2000):10.

Dodd,Susan. “Potions.”In Old Wives/' Tales(Iowa City:University of Iowa Press,1984).

Dujardin,douard.We/'ll to the Woods No More,translated by Stuart Gilbert(New York:New Directions,1938).

Földes,Joln.The Street of the Fishing Cat,translated by Elizabeth Jacobi(New York:Farrar & Rinehart,1937).

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Gass,William H. “A Failing Grade for the Present Tense.”In Finding a Form(New York:Knopf,1996),17,21,24,26,29.

Genette,Gérard. “Time and Narrative in A la recherché du temps perdu.”In Essentials of the Theory of Fiction,edited by Michael J. Hoffman and Patrick D.Murphy(Durham:Duke University Press,1988),284.

Haas,Robert Bartlett.A Primer for the Gradual Understanding of Gertrude Stein(Los Angeles:Black Sparrow Press,1973),49.

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Houston,Pam. “Sometimes You Talk About Idaho.”In Cowboys Are My Weakness(New York:Pocket Books,1992),145.

Joyce,James.Ulysses(New York:Vintage,1961),34.

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Le Guin,Ursula K.“Some Thoughts on Narrative.”In Crafting Fiction:In Theory,In Practice,edited by Marvin Diogenes and Clyde Moneyhun(Mountain View,CA:Mayfield Publishing Co.,2001),60-61.

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Macauley,Robie and George Lanning.Technique in Fiction,2nd ed.(New York:St.Martin/'s Press,1987),180,195,197-198.

Mailer,Norman. The Naked and the Dead(New York:Rinehart,1948).

Mann,Thomas,cited in A.A. Mendilow,Time and the Novel(London:Peter Nevill,1952),89-90.

_____. Doctor Faustus(New York:Vintage,1992),286.

Mansfield,Katherine. “Spring Pictures” and “The Wind Blows.” In The Stories of Katherine Mansfield(New York:Knopf,1970).

McCorkle,Kate. “The Last Parakeet.”In Flash Fiction:Very Short Stories,edited by James Thomas,Denise Thomas,and Tom Hazuka(New York:Norton,1992).

Mendilow,A.A.Time and the Novel(London:Peter Nevill,1952),48,91,96,99,107.

Minot,Susan.“le Sèhe”and“The Man Who Would Not Go Away”.In Lust and Other Stories(New York:Washington Square Press,1989),133,145.

Moore,Lorrie. “How to Be an Other Woman.”In Self-Help(New York:Warner Books,1985).

_____. “People Like That Are the Only People Here:Canonical Babbling in Peed Onk.”In Birds of America(New York:Knopf,1998),212,219,222-223,234,250.

Munro,Alice. “Labor Day Dinner.”In Selected Stories(New York:Vintage,1997).

Noon,William T. “Modern Literature and the Sense of Time.”In The Theory of the Novel,edited by Philip Stevick(New York:The Free Press,1967),296.

Oates,Joyce Carol. “August Evening.”In The Assignation(New York:Ecco Press,1988).

_____. “You.”In The Wheel of Love and Other Stories(Greenwich,CT:Fawcett,1972),334.

Porter,Katherine Anne.“Flowering Judas.” In Flowering Judas and Other Stories(New York:Harcourt Brace,1958).

Proulx,Annie.“The Wer-Trout.” In Heart Songs and Other Stories(New York:Simon & Schuster,1995),137.

Robison,Mary.“The Nature of Almost Everything.” In An Amateur/'s Guide to the Night(New York:Knopf,1983).

Rueckert,William.“Boxed in the Void:An Essay on the Late Sixties in America,”The Iowa Review 9,No.1(Winter 1978):62-63,66-68.

Sartre,Jean-Paul.Being and Nothingness,translated by Hazel ·E.Barnes(New York:Gramercy Books,1956),479.

_____.“What Is Literature?” and Other Essays(Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1988),346.

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_____.“As Fine as Melanctha.” In As Fine as Melanctha(Freeport,NY:Books for Libraries Press,1969),255.

_____.“A Transatlantic Interview.” In A Primer for the Gradual Understanding of Gertrude Stein,edited by Robert Bartlett Haas(Los Angeles:Black Sparrow Press,1973),20.

_____.Tender Buttons.In Writings 1903-1932(New York:Library of America,1998).

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Thomas,Abigail.“Sisters.” In Getting Over Tom(New York:Scribner,1994),7,9-11.

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Updike,John.Interview with Charles Thomas Samuels.In Writers at Work:The Paris Review Interviews,4th series,edited by George Plimpton(New York:Viking,1976),447-448.

_____.“Lifeguard.” In Pigeon Feathers and Other Stories(New York:Fawcett Crest,1980),149.

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_____.“The Other Miller.” In The Night in Question(New York:Knopf,1996),99.

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